Understanding Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is a medical treatment designed to relieve symptoms of menopause by replenishing declining levels of hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone. During menopause, the body reduces its production of these hormones, which can result in various physical and emotional symptoms. HRT works by restoring these hormones to more balanced levels, helping to alleviate symptoms such as:

• Hot flashes
• Night sweats
• Mood swings
• Vaginal dryness
• Loss of bone density

Types of HRT

There are two main types of HRT:

• Oestrogen-only HRT: Typically prescribed for women who have undergone a hysterectomy, this form involves only oestrogen since there is no need for progesterone to protect the uterine lining.
• Combined HRT (Oestrogen and Progesterone): For women who still have their uterus, both hormones are prescribed to prevent oestrogen from increasing the risk of endometrial cancer.

HRT can be administered in various forms, including oral tablets, skin patches, and gels.

Benefits of HRT: Symptom Management and Bone Health

HRT is widely used for its effectiveness in managing common menopausal symptoms, including:

• Vasomotor symptoms: HRT significantly reduces the frequency and intensity of hot flashes and night sweats.
• Vaginal health: Oestrogen can relieve vaginal dryness and discomfort, improving sexual health and comfort.
• Bone health: One of the critical benefits of HRT is its ability to help prevent bone loss (osteoporosis), reducing the risk of fractures as women age.
• Mood and sleep: HRT has been shown to improve mood swings, irritability, and sleep disturbances, helping women navigate the emotional and physical changes of menopause.

Risks and Side Effects of HRT

While HRT offers relief, it also comes with potential risks:

• Breast cancer: Long-term use of combined HRT has been associated with a slight increase in breast cancer risk.
• Blood clots and stroke: Certain forms, particularly oral tablets, may increase these risks.
• Heart disease: Starting HRT early in menopause may benefit heart health, but starting later may increase risks.

Who is a Good Candidate for HRT?

HRT is suitable for many women, but it depends on individual health profiles:

• Moderate to severe menopause symptoms
• Low risk of breast cancer or heart disease
• Within 10 years of menopause onset

Consult your healthcare provider to ensure HRT aligns with your needs.